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    Blast Force Containment

    MREL (Mining Resource Engineering Ltd) tested stemming movement and ejection velocity. The longer time to stemming movement and the lower stemming ejection velocity means more blast energy is retained in the bore hole. Energy is directed into the rock, and not lost into the air. There is better fragmentation, less flyrock, and a reduction in noise. Using VARI-STEM® with standard rock stemming, stemming movement was slowed 100% and stemming ejection velocity was reduced 44%.
     
     

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    ANFO*
    Velocity of
    Detonation

    12,000 ft/sec

    12,020 ft/sec

    Time To
    Stemming
    Movement

    2.3 msec

    5.3 msec

    Stemming
    Velocity

    1,580 ft/sec

    920 ft/sec

    *Similar "ANFO Velocity of Detonation" shows equal
    ANFO explosive force occurred in all tests